Finally, we apply both methods to the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium data and demonstrate that the two methods can give distinct results in certain study designs. We examine the connection between the two methods both analytically and empirically and show that their resulting statistics become equivalent under certain assumptions. We demonstrate that the each method is optimized for a unique goal, which gives us insight into the optimal weights for the weighted sum of z-scores method. In this paper, we investigate the optimal characteristics of the two methods and show the connection between the two methods. Although previous studies have shown that the two methods perform similarly, their characteristics and their relationship have not been thoroughly investigated. A commonly used approach for meta-analysis is the fixed effects model approach, for which there are two popular methods: the inverse variance-weighted average method and weighted sum of z-scores method. The meta-analysis has become a widely used tool for many applications in bioinformatics, including genome-wide association studies.
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